Many analyses of the 2016 election hold that Trump voters, at least the working class ones, were motivated by dissatisfaction with their lives stemming from declining standards of living, the disdain of coastal elites, or some combination. On the other hand, a traditional view is that general dissatisfaction leads people to support the left, since conservatism is associated with the status quo and liberalism with change.
This issue was brought to mind by an essay entitled "The spiritual crisis of the modern economy", which was published in December 2016, but which I just saw today. When reading it, I recalled that there was a survey question asked in 1999: "Think about what you expected for the future when you were of high school age. Generally, have you accomplished more than you expected to by now, less than you expected, or about as much as you expected?" 41% said more, 24% less, and 34% about as much. Here are some associations:
Demographics:
Gender--no clear difference
Ethnicity--blacks less satisfied, Latinos and whites about the same
Age--older people substantially more satisfied
Education--little or no difference through college degree; grad degrees maybe a little more satisfied
Income--higher income people more satisfied
Marital status--married and widowed people more satisfied; never married least satisfied
Urban vs. rural--little or no difference
Politics:
Self-rated ideology: conservatives more satisfied
Vote: Dole voters more satisfied than Clinton voters, Perot voters in the middle; non-voters substantially less satisfied
I find it interesting that education doesn't make much difference (and to the extent it does, it's just because it leads to higher income). Critiques of "meritocracy," like the one I mentioned above, often suggest that a focus on education makes people without a college degree (or in some accounts, people without an "elite" college degree) feel like failures. Of course, things can change over 20 years, but as of 1999 that apparently wasn't the case.
[Data from the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research]
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